According to the American Psychiatric Association–

“Eating disorders are behavioral conditions characterized by severe and persistent disturbance in eating behaviors and associated distressing thoughts and emotions. They can be severe conditions affecting physical, psychological, and social function. Types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, other specified feeding and eating disorder, pica, and rumination disorder.”

The DSM5 classifies eating disorders in the following categories:

Pica

Pica is an eating disorder in which a person repeatedly eats things that are not food with no nutritional value. The behavior persists for at least one month and is severe enough to warrant clinical attention.

Typical substances ingested vary with age and availability and might include paper, paint chips, soap, cloth, hair, string, chalk, metal, pebbles, charcoal or coal, or clay. Individuals with pica do not typically have an aversion to food in general.

The behavior is inappropriate to the individual’s developmental level and is not part of a culturally supported practice. Pica may first occur in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood, although childhood onset is most common. It is not diagnosed in children under age 2. Putting small objects into their mouth is normal for children under 2. Pica often occurs with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, but can occur in otherwise typically developing children.

A person diagnosed with pica is at risk for potential intestinal blockages or toxic effects of substances consumed (e.g., lead in paint chips).

Treatment for pica involves testing for nutritional deficiencies and addressing them if needed. Behavioral interventions used to treat pica may include redirecting the individual away from nonfood items and rewarding them for setting them aside or avoiding them.

Rumination Disorder

Rumination disorder involves the repeated regurgitation and re-chewing of food after eating, in which swallowed food is brought back into the mouth voluntarily, re-chewed, and re-swallowed or spat out. Rumination disorder can occur in infancy, childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. To meet the diagnosis, the behavior must:

• Occurs repeatedly over at least 1 month
• Not due to a gastrointestinal or medical problem
• Not happen as part of one of the other behavioral eating disorders listed above
• Rumination can also occur in other mental disorders (e.g., intellectual disability); however, the degree must be severe enough to warrant separate clinical attention for the diagnosis to be made.”

https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders